How do microbial larvicides such as Bti function in controlling mosquito populations?

Microbial larvicides like Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) function by specifically targeting mosquito larvae in their aquatic habitats. When ingested by the larvae, Bti produces toxins that disrupt the gut tissue of the mosquito. This interruption prevents the larvae from feeding properly, ultimately leading to their death.

This method of targeting the digestive system is highly specific to certain types of insects, particularly mosquitoes, black flies, and some other dipterans, making Bti an environmentally friendly option for controlling these populations without posing significant risks to non-target species, such as mammals and fish.

In contrast, while some microbial larvicides can have effects on other species under certain conditions, Bti is specifically designed to have minimal impact on the broader ecosystem, thereby distinguishing its mode of action and effectiveness in specific environments. This specificity allows for effective mosquito control while keeping ecological balance in mind.