How do microbial larvicides such as Bti function in controlling mosquito populations?

Microbial larvicides like Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) work by specifically targeting mosquito larvae in their aquatic habitats. They contain naturally occurring bacteria that produce toxins harmful to certain insects, including mosquitoes. When the larvae ingest Bti, the toxins affect their digestive systems, disrupting gut tissue and leading to their death. This mechanism is highly selective, meaning that it does not significantly impact non-target organisms like mammals or many aquatic species, which is a key advantage of using such biological control agents.

Understanding how Bti functions highlights its role as an effective tool in integrated pest management strategies aimed at controlling mosquito populations while minimizing environmental impact. By focusing on the unique interaction between the larvae and the microbial toxins, it is clear why this method is preferred in many mosquito control programs, particularly as it can be applied safely in various environments.